全球每六秒便有一人死於中風，而每4位成人就有1位一生中有機會中風！香港每年更有約3000多人因中風而喪命，中風是本港繼心臟病及癌症後的第四號殺手，亦是導致成人殘障的主因。這次麥兜帶你深入了解甚麼是中風、如何及早辨別中風、有何應對策略，以及如何避免中風。

Stroke claims a life every 6 seconds somewhere in the world. Statistically, every 1 in 4 people will suffer from a stroke in their lifetime. In Hong Kong, stroke leads to 3000 deaths every year. It is the fourth leading cause of death, ranking just below heart diseases and various forms of cancer. It is also the primary cause of disability in adults. Mcdull will take you on a journey to understand what stroke is, how to identify it early, what to do when you see one, and how to prevent it.

  • 患者年齡通常在50歲以上
  • 有年輕化趨勢
  • 每4位成人就有1位有機會中風
  • 三分一中風患者有中度至嚴重殘疾
  • 兩成中風康復者患有認知障礙症
  • Primarily affects individuals > 50 years old
  • A trend of younger stroke onset has been observed
  • 1 in 4 adults may have a stroke in their lifetime
  • One-third of stroke survivors will have moderate to severe disability
  • 20% of stroke survivors suffer from dementia

中風的醫學名稱是「腦血管疾病」，分為缺血性中風及出血性中風兩種類型。雖然大部分的中風個案都屬於缺血性中風，但有研究指出，華人出現腦出血的比例較西方人高，佔所有華人中風的兩成。除此之外，短暫腦缺血發作，即俗稱的「小中風」亦不容忽視，是中風早期的警號。

“Stroke,” properly known as “cerebrovascular disease”, is classified into two main types: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Although ischemic stroke is overall more common than hemorrhagic stroke, studies have found that in Chinese, the rate of hemorrhagic stroke is higher when compared with Caucasians, accounting for 20% of all stroke cases. Transient ischemic attacks, often dubbed as “mini-strokes”, are early warning signs of stroke and should not be ignored.

成因：血管阻塞

由於血管粥樣硬化導致血管狹窄，促成急性血栓形成，阻礙血液供應腦神經細胞，腦細胞因缺乏養份而喪失功能，甚至壞死。

Causes: Blood Vessel Occlusion

Atherosclerosis is a condition that causes gradual blood vessel narrowing. The formation of blood clots in these vessels may lead to sudden occlusion. When this happens, blood supply to brain tissue is interrupted, leading to loss of brain function and brain cell death.

成因：血管爆裂

即我們俗稱的「爆血管」，供應大腦的血管突然破裂，令腦部出血，並影響正常腦細胞的血液供應。隨著血塊增大，影響腦神經細胞功能，令腦細胞壞死。

Causes: Blood Vessel Rupture

Also known as ‘intracranial bleeding’, this occurs when a blood vessel supplying brain tissue suddenly ruptures and compromises the brain’s blood supply. As the hematoma expands in size, it may affect brain function and lead to brain cell death.

中風早期的警號
  • 患者出現中風徵狀，但時間短暫，通常持續數分鐘至1小時，不會超過24小時
  • 如無適切治療，患者隨後三個月內，約有兩成機會再中風
  • 即使「小中風」症狀消失，部分患者影像上可能已經屬於中風個案
  • 任何人若懷疑出現「小中風」症狀，應盡快求醫

An early warning sign of stroke
  • Symptoms are identical to stroke but last shorter, ranging from a few minutes to 1 hour and not more than 24 hours
  • Without appropriate treatment, 20% of TIA patients may have recurrent stroke in 3 months
  • Even if symptoms of TIA disappear, some patients may already have an established stroke from neuro-imaging
  • Anyone with TIA symptoms should immediately seek medical help

認清以下導致中風的高危因素，提高警覺，擺脫中風危機。
Recognize the following risk factors of stroke, and stay away from them!

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References:

  1. CU Stroke Angels. About Stroke. Accessed on Sep 19, 2023.
  2. Stroke Fund. Effects of Stroke/ Severity of Stroke. Accessed on Sep 19, 2023.
  3. Hospital Authority Smart Patient. Disease Management – Stroke. Accessed on Sep 19, 2023.
  4. HKU Stroke. Introduction of Stroke. Accessed on Sep 19, 2023.